The Targeted Real-time Early Warning System (TREWS) watches the electronic record and asks a clinician to confirm or dismiss a possible sepsis alert. It was studied prospectively across five hospitals, not as a silent background score. The published association depends on a person acting on the alert within a few hours. It does not diagnose sepsis by itself.
The Epic Sepsis Model is a proprietary score switched on in a large number of U.S. hospitals. Researchers at Michigan Medicine compared it with sepsis in their own hospitalizations, instead of relying on the vendor performance sheet. The paper is included here because a familiar model can still fail local validation. Widespread deployment is not the same thing as demonstrated usefulness.